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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. I. KLEIN. PROGESS 0F AND APPARATUS POR BLBGTROLYTICALLY FORMING IgG.

d Peb wl Du 0 m TUB'ULAR BODIES.

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AN DREW 8.5RAHAM, PHOTD-umuwAsmN GTON. D C

(No Mom.) 'a sheets-sheen 2.

1. KLEIN. PROCESS OP AND APPARATUS POR ELECTROLYTICALLY PORMING TUBULAR BODIES.

ANDREW B.GHAMAM PHoTc-um0 WASHINGTUN n C fNo'Mod'el.) I a shets-shet 3. I. KLEIN.

PROCESS OP'AND APPARATUS FOB. ELEGTROLYTIGALLY FORMING TUBULAR BODIES. Y No. 555,452. A Patented Peb. 25, 1896.

i UNITED STATES PATENT EEICE.

IGNATZ KLEIN, OFVBUDA-PESTH, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ELECIROLYTICALLY FORMING TUBULAR BODIES.

SPECIFICATION forming p art of Letters Patent No. 555,452, dated February 25, 189,6.

Application filed December 7, 1894. Serial No. 531.143. (No model.) Patented in Austria March 19, 1892, No. 5,178; in Hungary March 19,1892,No.4,785,an(1in Germany March 3l, 1892, No. 79,764.

To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, IGNATZ KLEIN, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, and a resident of Buda-Pesth, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary, have' invented a new and useful Improvement in the Process of and Apparatus for Electrol ytically Forming Tubular Bodies, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in Austria, No. 5,178, dated March 19, 1892; in I-Iungary, No. 4,785, dated March 19, 1892, and in Germany, No. 79,761, dated March 31, 1892,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the rolling of metallic deposits precipitated by galvanic process, its object being to compress and mold such metal. The characteristic feature of this rolling process is that cathodes having the form of rollers, on which the electrolytically-obtained metal is to be deposited, and which maybe made of any desired longitudinal prole during the formation of the deposit, are in co-operation with straight or curved plates having `corresponding profile, adequate pressure being at the same time applied. In consequence of this procedure the deposit takes the form of a tubular body, whose longitudinal prole corresponds to those of the cathodes and the roller-plate, such body at the same time attaining a high tensile strength. WVith such a device, moreover, several roller-plates having different profiles may be simultaneously employed in one and the same electrolytic bath. The number of tubular bodies to be simultaneously produced7 however, depends on the dimensions of the rolling device.

There are practically two kinds of tubular bodies-viz., those to be employed as independent hollow bodies or tubes and those to be used as bodies with metallic coating-z'. e. where the deposit is to remain on the core or mold as a metallic coating. For both kinds the mold or core consists essentially of a solid casing, frame, or core provided with an easilyfusible'coating. The casing or frame of the core is made of any suitable resisting material-such as metal, wood, teand is either solid or hollow. l

The invention will be fully understood upon reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 are transverse sectional views illustrating as many different constructions of the core upon which the metal is deposited to give it the desired form. Fig. 6 is a sectional longitudinal view of a core. Figs. 5 and 9 are sectional views illustrating the profile of a core and the corresponding rolling surface. Figs. 7 and 8 are respectively a vertical section and a plan of one form of complete apparatus for carrying out the invention, and wherein is employed an inclined rolling surface, so that gravity will move in one direction the roller-carriage which is intermittently drawn in the opposite direction. Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 7, illustrating an apparatus for producing a larger number of articles simultaneously, and wherein a gravit-ating weight imparts movement in one direction. Figs. 11 and 12 are respectivelya vertical section and a plan of a further modification of apparatus, wherein the rolling movement is in a vertical direction and the necessary pressure is obtained by confining Vthe roller-carriage between the anode and rolling surface. Fig. 13 is a sectional view illustrating a varied profile with its corresponding rolling surface. Fig. 14 represents, in transverse section, a cylindrical rolling surface with interiorly-arranged roller-carriage and only partly immersed in the electrolytic bath, so that a part of the condensation by rolling takes place independently of precipitates. Fig. 15 is Yanother cylindrical arrangement of rolling surface, but having the roller-carriage mounted to rotate on a vertical axis and having the rollers trunnioned on vertical axes and traversing the exterior of the cylindrical surface. Fig. 16 is a centrifugal arrangement of roller-carriage on a plane surface. Fig. 17 is an apparatus whereby both `the inner and outer surfaceof a cylinl drical body may be coated with metal.

1 represents the core, which may be of any suitable construction and made either solid, as shown in Fig. 1, or hollow, as shown in the other figures. Long hollow cores are strengthened or made rigid by inserting a tube 2, Fig. 3, or a suitable cross-piece 8, Fig.

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4, into the same. The ends of hollow cores are tightly stopped by plugs 5, Fig. 6, provided with spindles or journals 6, which may be screwed in, as at 7, and metal contact-caps 8. The cores 1 are first given a coating 9, which may either be a suitable plastic substance, such as gypsum, cement, clay, papiermach, the., or a direct coat or layer of easilyfusible substance which can be burnished and which is not affected by the liquid in the bath-for instance, lead and its alloys, wax, stearine,parafiine, &c. or compounds of same, according to the kind of tubular body to be made. They are then given the form of the body to be produced, their surfaces being at the same time made into conductors.

For producing the cores or molds 1 on a large scale, it is preferable to employ the device shown in Fig. 13, which consists of two rails 10, secured exactly parallel to each other on the bed 11, the rolling-plate 12, located be tween the rails 10 and the cores 1, each having a pair of spindles 13 carrying guide-rollers 14 and adapted to` run upon the rails 10 by means of the collars l5, in which said spindles are adjustably secured by the nuts 1G and the screw ends 7 in the core. In the first place the filling 17, of clay or the like, is molded on the inner core 1 by rolling backward and forward on the plate 12, then burned hard, and finally covered with a layer of tallow or grease. The spacing-rings 18 are then put on the collars 15 and the core rolled back ward and forward on the same plate 12 until finished. By employing several rings 18, of varying and increasing sizes, the core may bc covered with severa-l concentric layers. Cores may in this way form the rollerlike cathodes, which I shall designate as C.

The most important modifications of devices for carrying out the rolling process are shown in the following figures:

The simplest modification of the device is that shown in Figs. 7 and 8, where, in a trough 1U containing the electrolytic bath,is mounted on supports 20 the roller-plate 12, made of glass, porcelain, or similar hard substances not affected bythe bath. Several cores 1 are placed on this plate and mounted parallel in a frame 21 in such manner that their spindles (i are entered from underneath and journaled in slits 22 in two oppositely-arranged ledges of the frame, so that the frame lying free on the spindles can be readily raised from the cores. The passing of the electric current to the negative pole of any suitable source of electricity or generator (not shown) from the surfaces of the cores made into conductors is affected by the wire 23n attached Ato the lamelsn or brushes 23 mounted on the frame and bearing on the contact-caps 8 on the ends of the cores 1. Parallel to the frame in which the cores are mounted is the anode-plate A, which is connected to the positive pole of the source of electricity by the wire 23X. As soon as the trough is filled with the liquid and the circuit closed,the frame,restin g freely or carrying weights, or otherwise put under pressure, is drawn backward and forward between the anode and roller-plate until the deposit has formed in the required quantity and thickness on the cores, which should make several revolutions during this rolling procedure.

The plate 12 may be arranged in a horizon tal or inclined position or at any desired angle, and any desired number or form of the cores to be rolled simultaneously may be employed so long as the plate 12-is sufficiently large and of the saine longitudinal profile as the cores, Figs. 5 and 9.

Fig. 10 is a modification showing a multiple arrangement of the device shown in Figs. 7 and 8, and a series of plates 12 and frames 21 carryings cores 1 being arranged in one and the same trough.

Figs. 11 and 12 showin longitudinal and cross-section a trough, in which any desired number of rows of cores of any desired profile can be rolled in vertical direction, the guiding of the frame being effected by rollers 2i, Fig. 11, and the pressing of the cores on the rollingplates 12 being by elastic ln'ess-rollers 25. The pressing of the frame may also be cf fected in any other suitable manner.

The anodeplate A, curved accordingto the generatrix of the core, may also be mountedon the frame 21 and receive the same movement as the latter, as shown in Fig. 12.

The plate 12 instead of being straight may be concave, but in this case the frame 21 guiding the cores must be made of like form. Furthermore, as shown in cross-section in Fig. 1li, the plate maybe made in the form of ahollow cylinder12 and the frame as a turntable. The roller-cylinder 12l is secured to end walls of the semicylindrical receptacle 2G containing the fluid by means of the edging 27. 28 is the turn-table in the receptacle 2G, such tu rn-table carryin g the cylindrical anode A2 and two annular plates 21, one at each end, in the periphery of which the spindles f5 oi' the cores 1 are mounted in openv slits. If the turn-table 28 is moved first in one and then in the other direction, or always in the same direction, the cores being thus pressed on the roller-cylinder by centrifugal force or in other suitable manner, the precipitate deposited on the cores will be compressed in the same manner as described in connection with the foregoing devices.

It will be evident that the device can be constructed so as to operate in vertical position.

Fig. 15 is similar to the modification shown in Fig. 14., the roller-cylinder 12n being in this case vertically arranged in the center of the trough, while the cores, mounted on a turntable 28, are rolled on the periphery of the roller-cylinder, and are pressed against the cylinder, for instance, by springs.

In the modification shown in Fig. 1G the cores are mounted in a rotary disk or frameI 211 and radially to the axis of rotation of same.

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Several of such devices may be arranged one above the other, their rotary disks being secured to a central shaft common to all.

In Fig 17 is shown a device for rolling the deposit on both the inner and outer faces of two hollow cores l, the inner face by rollers 29 and the outer by plate 12, A2 being the inner` and A3 the outer anodes.

It is preferable that all these devices are only worked at a moderate speed and with a decreased pressure when commencing the operation.

The operation herein characterized by rolling can also be used for electroplating, electronickeling, electrosilvering, &c., by substituting the plates or cylinder by a corresponding burnishing vdev-ice.

The advantages of the rolling process as against the known similar process consist, besides the possibility of producing` tubular bodies of good quality and form and in any desired quantity by means of simple devices, in that by the constant agitation of the liquid in the bath layers rich in metal are constantly deposited on the cathodes; that in most cases a minimum space and a minimum quantity of liquid are required; that by removing the air-bubbles adhering to the cathodes the generation of oxides and consequent eX- cessive accumulations at any one part are avoided, and, finally/that the inished tubular body can be readily Withdrawn from the core by melting the coating Without doing any injury either to the body itself or to the core or mold.

Having now described and ascertained the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare tha what I claim is-- 1. The process of electrolytically forming and condensing metallic bodies of circular section which consists in immersing cathodes of the desired number and longitudinal profile in the form of rollers in a suitable electric bath depositing the metal upon said cathodes and rolling them upon an immersed rollingplate of corresponding profile, while the deposit is taking place and until the process is completed as set forth.

2. In an apparatus for electrolytically depositing metal bodies of circular section and condensing the metal in continuous operation while the depositing is taking place, the combination of an electrolytic bath one or more movable fram es, a number of cores corre- Y sponding to the number of-bodies to be simultaneously formed mounted in parallel series -to be independently rotatable in said frame,

condensing metallic bodies, which consists in providing a suitable cathode-core for the body, electrolytically depositing metallic coating on both sides of said core simultaneously and rolling both the surfaces in continuous operation during the process of depositing, by means of interior and exterior rolling surfaces extending at least the length of the body being prepared as set forth.

4. In an apparatus for electrolytically depositing and simultaneously condensing metal bodies of cylindrical section, the combination of the bath, a rollin g-plate, and the cathode in the form of a cylindrical core, having the metallic contaot-capupon its end and having the contact-brush bearing on said cap as set forth.

5. In an apparatus for electrolytically producing metal, the combination of a suitable receptacle adapted to contain a metallic solution, a gravitating carriage, means for moving the carriage against its gravitating tendency, one or more rotatable cathodes carried by the carriage, a supporting-plate against which the cathodes operate, a suitable anode, and an electric battery, substantially as set forth.

6. In an apparatus for electrolytically producing metal, the combination of a suitable receptacle adapted to contain a metallic solution, one or more cylindrical or tubular cathodes having electrical connection with one pole of an electric battery, a suitable supporting plate or base against which the cylindrical cathodes operate, means for rolling the cylindrical cathodes, a suitable anode supported exteriorly to the cylindrical cathodes, and one or more rollers and anodes supported in the cylindrical cathodes and adapted to deposit and roll the metal upon the inner surface of the cathode, said anodes being connected to the other pole of the electric battery7 substantially as set forth. v

7. An apparatus for forming hollow bodie by electrodeposition of metal, which consists in a suitable bath, means for moving a hollow cathode within said bath rolling surfaces within and Without the hollow body coeXtensive at least with the length of said body, for simultaneously applying pressure to both sides thereof, an anode held in proper relation to the outside of the cathode and an admy name in the presence of two subscribing' witnesses.

IGNATZ KLEIN.

Witnesses:

ALoIs KovIcs, IGNATZ JUTIH.

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